Journal: Molecular Metabolism

Article Title: Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist PEG-Loxe on diabetic osteoporosis: A mechanistic study

doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102390

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) enhances osteogenic differentiation and upregulates osteogenic markers via glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation. A . Detection of cellular osteogenic changes using Alizarin Red staining B–E . qPCR was used to detect the GLP-1 R , ALP , Col-1 , and Runx-2 expression levels in osteoblasts. F . Western blotting was performed to detect changes in GLP-1R, ALP, Col-1, and Runx-2 protein levels in osteoblasts. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.05; ### p < 0.001. ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; Col-1, Collagen type 1 protein; Runx-2, Runt-related transcription factor; Ctrl, Control.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, samples were blocked with 5% skim milk powder blocking solution for 1 h and incubated with the primary antibodies at 4 °C: anti-GLP1R (Abclonal, A8547), anti-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (Abclonal, A0514), anti-COL1A1 (Abclonal, A1352), anti-Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) (Abclonal, A11753), anti-GAPDH (cst, #5174), anti-RAGE (Abcam, ab216329), anti-HMGB1 (Proteintech, 10829-1-AP), anti-TLR4 (Proteintech, 66350-1-Ig), anti-NFκB (Abclonal, A6667), and anti-p-NFκB (Proteintech, 10745-1-AP).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining, Expressing, Western Blot, Control